ひひなめぐり(Doll Festival, Peach Festival)
山辺の道の桃の花(Peach blossoms in Yamanobe-no-michi Road, 2015)
三月三日は桃の節句、五節句のひとつです。五月五日は端午の節句、七月七日は七夕、九月九日は重陽…陰陽思想では、同じ奇数が重なる日付は特別な日とされていました。桃の節句では女の子の健やかな成長を祈り、桃花の霊力や人形で厄払いをします。旧暦ならばひと月先、桃のひらく頃ですが、一年前の桃の写真を飾りましょう。
Hina-doll Festival, that is, Peach festival is celebrated on March 3th, which is one of the five annual ceremonies that were traditionally held at the Japanese imperial court. For example, Star Festival on July 7th , Chrysanthemum Festival on September 9th…these dates are regarded as special in Yin-Yang thought.
The Peach Fesitival is for the girl, where people pray for their healthy growth or happy wedding and drive evil spirits out of them by means of the doll and peach blossom with the spiritual power. If one celebrates this festival according to the lunar calender, he can enjoy the peach blossom also. Today, please enjoy the flowers in the above photo I took last spring. In the beginning of March in Nara, it sometimes snows and is still too cold to find the peach blossom.
Amagatsu in Edo period 『人形』京都国立博物館
平安時代、人形は「ひとがた」と呼ばれ、これで体を撫でて川へ流すと、穢れや災いが払われると考えられていました。流し雛の起源です。一方、『源氏物語』には女の子がひひなという人形で遊ぶ場面が出てきます。厄を払うための人形と、遊ぶ人形とが結びついて、雛人形が生まれました。
The ancient doll was called “Hito-gata (human shape)”, with which one strokes his body and throws it into a river so as to get rid of misfortunes. It is the origin of Nagashi-bina(paper dolls floated downriver). On the other hand, a scene of The Tale of Genji shows us infant Murasaki-no-ue playing with dolls called “Hihina”. The “Hina” doll were generated by combining these “Hito-gata” and “Hihina”.
❤ ❤ (上賀茂神社、下鴨神社の流し雛*paper dolls floated downriver at Kami-gamo Shrine/ Shimo-gamo Shrine)
厄を引き受けてくれた人形は川へ流されたり、節句の後で仕舞われたりします。室町から江戸時代にかけて人形は大きく華やかになり、嫁入り道具のひとつになって、武家から一般に広まってゆきました。一方、行き場のなくなった雛人形を舟に乗せて流してくれるお寺が今もあります。
The dolls that accepted misfortunes in place of girls are floated into a river or put away until next year. Around the Edo period, the Hina-doll became more gorgeaus and popular to become one of the trousseaux of rich people. On the other hand, still now, there are temples that receive the dolls which are no longer needed, take them on board and float into a river.
大和郡山市、葉本家の御殿(屋形)雛
Hina-doll in Palace, Hamoto family, Yamatokoriyama City, Nara
なき祖母の記憶とともに旅立ちし雛の御殿にけふめぐりあふ
(The Hina-doll Palace that had remained only in my grandmother’s memory and had gone to the paradise with her, which has returned to me today.)
Musical Instruments, Former residence of Kawamoto family
長持、針台、鏡台 Chest, Sewing box, Dressing table
御膳、行器(ほかい)、御殿火鉢 Tableware and charcoal brazier
御所車(牛車)Oxcart
雛人形は親王と親王妃、官女、囃子方、大臣らをかたどるようになります。御所を模した屋形はまるで和製ドールハウスですね。什器、楽器、茶道具などの雛道具は、人形が元はままごと人形であったことを思わせます。マイカーならぬ牛車(御所車)もあります。
Hina-dolls represent the imperial prince and princess, three court ladies, five musicians, two ministers, etc. The palace and furniture look like dollhouse in Japanese style. These miniatures recall us that the origin of the Hina doll were that for playing house. You see not a car but an oxcart (court carriage) !
いにしへの冠さらりと捨てたまひ雛はほほと笑みかはしをり
(The old Hina-doll couple have lost their crowns and are smiling lightly)
鈴木家の享保雛
Hina-doll in Kyoto style(Kyōhō era), Suzuki family
いまの雛人形は、目のぱっちりした関東雛と、仏像のように切れ長の目をした京雛(上図)とに分かれます。奈良では一刀彫の雛人形もよく見かけます(下図、奈良市HPより)
Today there are round-eyed dolls in Kanto style and slit-eyed ones in Kyoto style(ex. above two figures), which is more traditional and under the influence of the Buddhist image. You sometimes find the one-knife carved dolls in Nara (ex. below figure, made by Morita Tomohiro 守田朋浩, a son of Morita Kura's).
ちょっと異色なのは道真雛(上図 google search)。菅原道真公は右大臣まで昇りつめましたが、雛人形のセットに含まれる右大臣とは別の、単独の人形です。菅公をまつる天神講が2月25日で、3月3日に近いため、二つの行事が一つになったとか。2月の終わりに生まれた女の子は、誕生日のケーキが雛祭りのケーキとまとめられてしまうことがありますが、それと似ているかも?
The unique Michizane-Bina (ex. upper fig.)(Michizane was Minister of the right)is born from the combination of two festivals, The Tenjin-ko Festival on February 25th and the Doll Festival on March 3th. Just like the girl born at the end of February, who sometimes is celebrated by a Doll Festival cake instead of a Birthday one!
わが家のひな御膳、野遊び風*Doll Festival meal in picnic style
( Sushi in the form of a clam and a handball, with boiled colza. Sweets in the shape of a basket of wild flowers, a clam shell, a diagonal rice cake, and rice crackers )
雛祭りほんらいのお菓子は、菱餅や雛あられなどです。お料理はちらしずしや蛤(はまぐり)汁、蛤は嫁入り道具に入っていた貝合わせに由来するのでしょう。蒸した餅米で作った白酒を頂けば、心はほどなく桃源郷へ…。
The original sweets of Doll Festival are the diagonal rice cake (Hishi-mochi) and rice cracker (Hina-arare). While eating chirashi-zushi and clam soup (whose origin is the shell-matching game), and drinking white rice wine, we go to the earthly paradise surrounded by peach flowers…
貝合わせと白酒(葉本家)
A pair of clam shells for shell-matching game and White sake, Hamoto family
葉本家の御殿雛 Three broken Hina-dolls in Palace, Hamoto family
長い年月の間に持ち物が失われ、立つこともできなくなっています。
古き人形の持物うしなひ立つもかなはぬを見て詠める
古き衛士箒熊手は失へど御所を清むる夢むすぶらむ
(Three old guardians have lost their broom,dustpan,and bamboo rake,butthey may dream that they are cleaning the Imperial Palace still now.)
♪ (Doll Festival Song)
緋毛氈金糸銀糸の縫ひとりの雛にわらべは美を知りそめぬ
(Le tapis rouge sur sept étagère pour les poupées qui portent les robes brodées avec les fils d’ or et d’ argent, ç’ a été mon premier rencontre du beauté.)
羽子板(葉本家) Japanese badminton rackets, Hamoto family
雛祭りは人形祭り、家中の人形が集まります。子供のころ遊んだ羽子板にこんなところで再会しました。
The Hina festival is the Doll festival, where sometimes all the dolls in the house are gathered. I met again several Japanese badminton rackets that resemble the ones with which I played in my childhood.
蛤雛(葉本家)Clam Hina doll, Hamoto family
祖母がよく作ってくれた蛤雛(はまぐりびな)も…
And the Hina doll made of clam shell that my grandmother often made for me!
あなたの想い出のお雛ひなさまは見つかりましたか。大和郡山市の子供の心には、吊るし雛や吊るし金魚も刻み込まれるのでしょう。
Every girl has her own Hina-doll in her house or in her memory. Will the children in Yamatokoriyama City remember the hanging decoration of Hina-doll or of goldfish also?
源九郎狐と静御前のお話は、改めていたしましょう。
I will talk about Genkuro Fox and Lady Shizuka some day.
勘九郎梅はしだれて源九郎狐の石の尾をゆらすらし
つかのまの 吊り雛めきて 枝垂れ梅
旧川本邸 Former residence of Kawamoto family in the red-light district
花街の細き格子のうちにけふ手招きするは雛人形
(Through the lattice in the red-light district, beckon me Hina- dolls today.)
郡山藩家老の家に伝わった雛人形 柳沢文庫
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http://hina-matsuri.jp/lern_story05.html
おかげさまで、こちらもとても勉強になりました。感謝いたします。